Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan Attorneys
Punjab
Draft · 2025-12-02
Not in force yet

Punjab Industrial Relations Rules, 2026

Full text and citation for Punjab's rules under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, parsed verbatim from the official gazette PDF. Use the source PDF for reliance.

Enabling: Industrial Relations Code, 2020
·74 pages parsed
Open in new tab
Punjab Industrial Relations Rules, 2026

Full rule text

GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB

DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR

NOTIFICATION

The 29th December, 2025 No. da60 MDSC | 192/2025-42 | 1076 :- The following draft rules, which the Governor of Punjab proposes to make in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (2) of section 99 of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 (Central Act 35 of 2020) and all other powers enabling him in this behalf, is published as required by sub-section (1) of section 99 of the said Act, for information of the persons likely to be affected thereby. Notice is hereby given that the said draft will be taken into consideration by the Government on or after the expiry of a period of thirty days from the date of publication of this notification in the Official Gazette, together with any objection and suggestion, which may be received by the Labour Commissioner, Punjab, Model Welfare Centre (Kirat Bhawan), Phase-X, Sector-64, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar (Mohali), (Email: supdthq.disp.imp@gmail.com) from any person or organization with respect to the said draft before the expiry of the period so specified, namely :-

DRAFT RULES

CHAPTER- I

PRELIMINARY

  1. Short title, application and commencement- (1) These rules may be called the Industrial Relations (Punjab) Rules, 2026.
  • (2) They extend to whole of the State of Punjab.
  • (3) They shall come into force on and with effect from the date of their publication in the Official Gazette.
  1. Definitions: - (1) In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires:
  • (a) “Code” means the Industrial Relations Code, 2020;
  • (b) "Form" means forms appended to these rules;
  • (c) “section” means the section of the Code; and
  • (d) "State Government" means the Government of the State of Punjab in the Department of Labour.

1

  • (2) The words and expressions used in these rules which are not defined therein, but are defined in the Code, shall have their respective meaning as assigned to them in the Code. Sections 2(zi) and 99(2)(a)
    1. Written Agreement for the settlement before the Conciliation Officer under clause (zi) of section 2.- The Agreement under clause (zi) of section 2 for written agreement between the employer and worker shall be in form specified in Form-I and shall be signed by the parties in the agreement and a copy thereof shall be sent to the concerned Conciliation Officer.

CHAPTER II

BI-PARTITE FORUMS

Sections 3 and 99(2)(b)

  • 4. Constitution of Works Committee under section 3- (1) Every employer to whom an order made under sub-section (1) of section 3 relates, shall forthwith proceed to constitute a Works Committee in the manner as is specified in the following sub-rules.
  • (2) Number of members: - The number of members constituting the Committee shall be fixed so as to afford representation to the various categories, groups and class of workers engaged in, and to the sections, shops or departments of the establishment: Provided that the total number of members of the Works Committee shall not exceed twelve (12) and with minimum of six members: Provided further that the number of representatives of the worker in the Works Committee shall not be less than the number of representatives of the employer therein.
  • (3) Representatives of employer: - Subject to the provisions of this rule, the representatives of the employer in the Works Committee shall be nominated by the employer and shall, as far as may be possible, be officials in direct touch with, or associated with, the working of the industrial establishment.
  • (4) Representatives of workers: - (a) If there is any single registered trade union in the establishment, the said union shall nominate such number of workers as members in works committee subject to resolution passed by majority of the members of the registered trade union from amongst the workers of the establishment.

2

  • (b) If there is more than one registered trade union, such registered trade unions may choose their representatives as members for works committee in the proportion of their memberships subject to resolutions passed by majority of the members of each registered trade unions. Provided that if some workers are not associated with any of registered trade union, such workers may choose amongst themselves representatives for works committee in the same proportion by way of resolution passed by majority of the workers not associated with the registered trade unions.
  • (c) Where there is no registered trade union in the establishment, workers may choose amongst themselves representatives for works committee by way of resolution passed by majority of the workers of the establishment.
  • (5) The Works Committee shall have among its office-bearers a Chairman, a Vice-Chairman, a Secretary and a Joint-Secretary. The Secretary and the Joint-Secretary shall be elected every year;
  • (6) The Chairman shall be nominated by the employer from amongst the employer’s representatives on the Works Committee and he shall, as far as possible, be the head of the industrial establishment;
  • (7) (a) The Vice-Chairman shall be elected by the members, on the Works Committee representing the workers, from amongst themselves: Provided that in the event of equality of votes in the election of the Vice- Chairman, the matter shall be decided by draw of a lot:
  • (b) The Works Committee shall elect the Secretary and the Joint Secretary provided that where the Secretary is elected from amongst the representatives of the employers, the Joint Secretary shall be elected from amongst the representatives of the worker and vice versa: Provided that the post of the Secretary or the Joint Secretary, as the case may be, shall not be held by a representative of the employer or the worker for two consecutive years: Provided further that the representatives of the employer shall not take part in the voting of election of the Secretary or Joint Secretary, as the case may be, from amongst the representatives of the worker and only the representatives of the worker shall be entitled to vote in such elections.

3

  • (c) In any election under clause (b), in the event of equality of votes, the matter shall be decided by a draw of lot.
  • (8) Term of Office: - (a) The term of office of the representatives on the Works Committee other than a member chosen to fill a casual vacancy shall be two years;
  • (b) A member chosen to fill a casual vacancy shall hold office for the unexpired term of his predecessor; and
  • (c) A member who without obtaining leave from the Works Committee, fails to attend three consecutive meetings of the Committee shall cease his membership, provided that such member shall be given an opportunity of being heard.
  • (9) Vacancies: - In the event of worker’s representative ceasing to be a member under clause (c) of sub-rule (8) or ceasing to be employed in the establishment or in the event of his resignation, death or otherwise, his successor shall be chosen in accordance with the provisions of this rule from the same group to which the member vacating the seat belonged.
  • (10) Power to co-opt: - The Works Committee shall have the right to co-opt in a consultative capacity, persons employed in the industrial establishment having particular or special knowledge of a matter under discussion; Provided that co-opt member should be appointed after discussion with representative of employer and employee unanimously. Such co-opted member shall not be entitled to vote and shall be present at meetings only for the period during which the particular question is before the Works Committee.
  • (11) Meetings: - (a) The Works Committee may meet as often as necessary.
  • (b) The Works Committee shall at its first meeting regulate its own procedure.
  • (12) Facilities for meeting: - (a) The employer shall provide accommodation for holding meetings of the Works Committee. He shall also provide all necessary facilities to the Works Committee and to the members thereof for carrying out the work of the Works Committee. The Works Committee shall ordinarily meet during working hours of the industrial establishment concerned on any working day and the representative of the worker shall be deemed to be on duty while attending the meeting;

4

  • (b) The Secretary of the Works Committee may with the prior concurrence of the Chairman, put up notice regarding the work of the Works Committee on the notice board of the industrial establishment.
  • (13) Dissolution of works committee:- The State Government, or where the power under section 3 has been delegated to any officer or authority under section 100, such officer or authority may, after making such inquiry as it or he may deem fit, dissolve any Works Committee at any time, by an order in writing, if he or it is satisfied that the Committee has not been constituted in accordance with these rules or that not less than two- thirds of the number of representatives of the workmen have, without any reasonable justification, failed to attend three consecutive meetings of the Committee or that the Committee has, for any other reason, ceased to function: Provided that where a Works Committee is dissolved under this rule the employer may, and if so, required by the State Government or, as the case may be, by such officer or authority, shall take steps to reconstitute the Committee in accordance with these rules”. Sections 4(2) and 99(2)(c)
    1. Manner of choosing members from the employers and the workers for Grievance Redressal Committee under sub-section (2) of section 4.- (1) The Grievance Redressal Committee shall consist of equal number of members representing the employer and the workers, which shall not exceed ten.
  • (2) The representatives of the employer shall be nominated by the employer and shall, as far as may be possible, be officials in direct touch with or associated with the working of the industrial establishment, preferably the heads of major departments of the industrial establishment.
  • (3) The representatives of the workers shall be chosen in such manner:
  • (a) If there is one registered trade union having more than twenty percent of total workforce of the industrial establishment as members of the union, then such union shall nominate one representative for every twenty percent of the workers, who are members of such union, as a member in Grievance Redressal Committee.
  • (b) If there are more than one registered trade unions having more than twenty percent of total workforce of the industrial establishment as members of their unions, then such unions shall nominate one

5

representative for every twenty (20) percent of workers, who are members of such unions, as a member in Grievance Redressal Committee.

  • (c) If there is no such registered trade union, then independent workers shall nominate one representative for every twenty (20) percent of the total workforce in the industrial establishment as member in Grievance Redressal Committee subject to the resolution passed by majority of the workers in this behalf. Provided that there shall be a representation of women workers in the Grievance Redressal Committee and such representation shall not be less than the proportion of women workers to the total workers employed in the industrial establishment.
  • (4) (a) The tenure of members of Grievance Redressal Committee shall be for a period of three years from the date of the constitution of the Grievance Redressal Committee Provided that the tenure of the members of the Grievance Redressal Committee, who are representative of the trade unions, shall be co-terminus with the tenure of the members of the registered trade union.
  • (b) In case Grievance Redressal Committee is not re-constituted after the period specified in clause (a) of sub-rule (4) of this rule, then the existing Grievance Redressal Committee will continue to be functional. Provided that if the Grievance Redressal Committee is not re-constituted within one year, then the conciliation officer will intervene on application made in this behalf by any of the parties in the industrial establishment and ensure the constitution of Grievance Redressal Committee as per provisions of the Industrial relations code and rules made thereunder.
  • (5) Every information regarding constitution of Grievance Redressal Committee, shall be communicated to the conciliation officer of the area within fifteen days from its constitution by the employer.

6

(6) Where an employer has reason to believe that the information furnished to him under sub-rule (3) is false, he may, after informing such registered trade union or representatives of workers not associated with any registered trade union, as the case may be, refer the matter to the Labour Commissioner, Punjab who shall, after hearing the parties, shall decide the matter and his decision thereon shall be final. Sections 4(5) and 99(2)(d) 6. Application in respect of any dispute to be filed before the Grievance Redressal Committee by any aggrieved worker under sub-section (5) of section 4.- Any aggrieved worker may file an application stating his dispute therein before the Grievance Redressal Committee giving his name, designation, employee Code, Department where posted, length of service in years, category of worker, address for correspondence, contact number, details of grievances and relief sought. Such application may be sent electronically or otherwise. The Grievance may be raised within one year from the date on which the cause of action of such dispute arises. Sections 4(8) and 99(2)(e) 7. Manner of filing application for the conciliation of grievance as against the decision of the Grievance Redressal Committee to the conciliation officer under sub-section (8) of section 4.- Any worker who is aggrieved by the decision of the Grievance Redressal Committee or whose grievance is not resolved by the said Committee within thirty days of receipt of the application, may file an application electronically or otherwise to the Conciliation Officer within the period of sixty days from the date of the decision of the Grievance Redressal Committee or from the date on which the period specified in sub-section (6) of section 4 expires, as the case may be, to the conciliation officer through the registered trade union, of which he is a member or otherwise.

CHAPTER-III

TRADE UNION

Sections 7(f) and 99(2)(f) 8. Payment of subscription under clause (f) of section 7.- (1) The payment of a subscription shall be from ordinary as well as honorary members of the registered trade union under the code; (2) The ordinary as well as honorary members of the registered trade union along with any of the permanent citizen of India living in any part

7

of the country can donate towards the general fund of the union electronically or through crossed cheque or draft payable to the union;

  • (3) The monthly subscription shall be prescribed by State Government by notification from time to time. Sections 7(j) and 99(2)(g)
  1. Safe Custody of the funds of the registered trade union and Annual audit under clause (j) of section 7.- (1) The funds of the registered trade union shall be deposited in any scheduled bank in the name of the union: Provided that 2% of the total funds available with the union shall be kept at the disposal of the two executive members i.e. president, secretary and cashier for meeting any exigency pertaining to the routine affairs of the said union.
  • (2) Auditors - Annual audit of the accounts of any registered trade union shall be conducted by an auditor authorised to audit the accounts of companies under section 144 (1) of the Indian Companies Act, 1913 or under section 8 (2) of the Indian Companies (Amendment) Act. Exception - Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules, no person, who, at any time during the year, was entrusted with any part of the funds or securities belonging to the registered trade union shall be eligible to audit the accounts of the Union.
  • (3) Audit of funds - The auditor or auditors appointed in accordance with these rules shall be given access to all the books of the registered trade union and shall verify the annual return with the accounts and vouchers relating thereto and shall thereafter sign the auditor's declaration appended in (Form-II), indicating separately on that form under his signature or their signatures a statement showing in what respect he or they find the return to be incorrect, unvouched or not in accordance with the Act. The particulars given in this statement shall indicate: -
  • (i) every payment which appears to be unauthorised by the rules of registered trade union or contrary to the provisions of the Act;
  • (ii) the amount of any deficiency or loss which appears to have been incurred by the negligence or misconduct of any person;
  • (iii) the amount of any sum which ought to have been but is not brought to account by any person.
  • (4) Audit of separate fund to be constituted under sub-section (2) of section 15. The audit of the separate fund of a registered trade union

8

shall be carried out with the audit of the general account of the registered trade union by the same auditor or auditors. Sections 8(1)(a) and 99(2)(h) 10. Declaration to be made by an affidavit under clause (a) of sub-
section (1) of section 8. - Every application under section 8 for
registration of a trade union shall be accompanied by a declaration to be
made by an affidavit (Form-III) along with fee payable on registration
of a trade union to be notified by State Government from time to time. Sections 8(2) and 99(2)(i) 11. Assets and Liabilities of the registered trade union under sub- section (2) of section 8 - Where a registered trade union has been in existence for more than one year before the making of an application for its registration, there shall be delivered to the Registrar, together with the application, a general statement of assets and liabilities of the registered trade union prepared in (Form-II) annexed to these rules. Sections 9(1) & 9(2) and 99(2)(j) 12. The form of application for registration under sub-section (1), and the form of issuing certificate of registration to be issued by the Registrar to the applicant Trade Union under sub-section (2) of section 9 - The application for registration under sub-section (1) of section 8, shall be in (Form- IV) and the certificate of registration to be issued by the Registrar to the applicant under sub-section (2) of section 9 shall be in (Form-V) Sections 9(3) and 99(2)(k) 13. Register of registered trade unions under sub-section (1) and sub-section (3) of section 9 - The Register of registered trade unions as referred to above shall be maintained in (Form-VI). Sections 9(5) and 99(2)(I) 14. Cancellation/Withdrawal of Registration under sub-section (5) of section 9 - (1) The Registrar on receiving an application for the cancellation/withdrawal of registration shall, before granting the approval, satisfy himself that the resolution for withdrawals or cancellation of registrations alongwith authorization to applicants was approved and signed in the general body meeting of the registered trade union by more than fifty percent of the members of the registered trade union. For this purpose, he may call for such further particulars, as he may deem necessary and may examine any officer of the Union. (2) The Registrar can also cancel the registration of registered trade union on receiving the information under sub section 5(ii) of section 9 regarding contravention by the registered trade union of the provisions of this code.

9

Sections 10(1) and 99(2)(m) 15. Appeal under sub-section (1) of section 10.- Any appeal made under sub-section (1) of section 10 of the code must be filed within sixty days of the date on which the Registrar passed the order against which the appeal is made. Sections 11(1) and 99(2)(n) 16. Communications and Notices to a Registered trade union under sub-section (1) of section 11 - All the communications and notices to the registered trade union shall be sent electronically, if possible, and through registered post or speed post at the address provided by the union at the time of registration or subsequent amendment of change of address, if any. Sections 11(3) and 99(2)(n) 17. Change in the particulars as per sub-section (3) of section 11 - (1) The registered trade union shall inform the Registrar of any change such as contact details, email Id, membership details, or any other particulars given at the time of registration and in its constitution or rules electronically or through registered post or speed post, or manually under proper receipt duly signed by the President and General Secretary of the registered trade union Provided that information for any change in address, bank details and assets and liabilities shall be submitted by the registered trade union alongwith resolution for such changes and authorization to applicants duly approved and signed by majority of the members of the registered trade union. (2) The Registrar on receiving such application, on being satisfying himself, shall make such changes in the record. Sections 14(1) and 99(2)(o) 18. Matters to be negotiated by a negotiating union or negotiating counsel in an industrial establishment under sub-section (1) of section 14 - There shall be a negotiating union or negotiating counsel as the case may be in an industrial establishment having registered trade union for negotiating with the employer of the industrial establishment on the following matters: -

  • i). Classification of workers, whether permanent, temporary, apprentices, probationers, badlis or fixed term employment;
  • ii). Manner of intimating to workers periods and hours of work, holidays, pay-days and wage rates;
  • iii). Shift working;

10

  • iv). Attendance and late coming;
  • v). Conditions of, procedure in applying for, and the authority which may grant leave and holidays;
  • vi). Requirement to enter premises by certain gates, and liability to search;
  • vii). Closing and reporting of sections of the industrial establishment, temporary stoppages of work and the rights and liabilities of the employer and workers arising there-from;
  • viii). Termination of employment, and the notice thereof to be given by employer and workers;
  • ix). Suspension or dismissal for misconduct, and acts or omissions which constitute misconduct;
  • x). Means of redress for workers against unfair treatment or wrongful exactions by the employer or his agents or servants;
  • xi). Any other matter such as promotion, transfer, quarter allotment etc. pertaining to condition of service which may be specified by the appropriate Government by notification. Sections 14(2) and 99(2)(o)
  1. Criteria to recognize registered trade union as sole negotiating union of the workers under sub-section (2) of section 14 and - (1) Where only one registered trade union of workers registered under the provisions of this Code is functioning in an industrial establishment, and if said registered trade union submits to the employer having thirty-three (33) percent or more workers as members of the total workforce on the roll of establishment, then the employer of such industrial establishment shall recognize such registered trade union as sole negotiating union of the workers ensuring that thirty-three (33) percent or more workers of the industrial establishment are members of the such trade union. (2) The employer shall inform within fifteen days of such recognition of registered trade union as negotiating union to the Registrar of trade unions. Sections 14(3) & (4) and 99(2)(p)
  2. Verification of a registered trade union by the employer of the industrial establishment under sub-section (3) and sub-section (4) of section 14- (1) If more than one registered trade union of workers registered under this Code are functioning in an industrial establishment, then, the registered trade union having fifty-one per cent or more workers as members of total workforce on the muster roll of that

11

industrial establishment then the employer of such industrial establishment shall recognize such registered trade union as sole negotiating union of the workers ensuring that fifty-one (51) percent or more workers of the industrial establishment are members of the such trade union.;

  • (2) If no trade union is able to satisfy the employer that the trade union does not have fifty one percent or more workers as members of the said trade union then the employer shall form negotiating council under the provisions of sub-section (4) of section 14.
  • (3) Where any person has support of twenty percent or more workforce of an industrial establishment, which are not associated with any of the registered trade union or negotiating council shall become member of negotiating council and before negotiating, the employer shall ensure that he has support of minimum twenty percent of the workforce.
  • (4) The information regarding formation and recognition of every negotiating council shall be given to the concerned Conciliation Officer by the employers of the Industrial Establishment. 20A. Application by aggrieved workers: (1) If ten (10) percent of workers are aggrieved with the recognition of Negotiating Union or Negotiating Council as per provisions of sub-section (1), (2), (3) and (4) of section 14 read with rules 19 and 20, they may file an application before the Registrar of the trade unions.
  • (2) Upon receipt of such application, the Registrar shall verify the details of recognition of such Negotiating Union or Negotiating Council as per provisions of the code and rules made thereunder and If in case, the Registrar finds any discrepancy in recognition of such Negotiating Union or Negotiating Council and observes that such Negotiating Union or Negotiating Council does not have requisite number of members prescribed in rule 19 and 20, then the Registrar may by way of speaking order declare such Negotiating Union or Negotiating Council null and void and shall direct the jurisdictional conciliation officer for initiation of the proceedings for re-constitution of the Negotiating Union or Negotiating Council.

12

Sections 14(7) and 99(2)(p) 21. Facilities to be provided by the Industrial Establishment under sub section 7 of section 14 - The industrial establishment may declare the executive members of the negotiating registered trade union and members of the negotiating council as protected workers as provided under sub-section (3) of section 90. Sections 15(1) and 99(2)(q) 22. Utilization of the general funds of a registered trade union under sub-section (1) of section 15 - The general funds of a registered trade union shall not be spent on any objects other than specified below—

  • i) the payment of salaries, allowances and expenses to office bearers of the registered trade union;
  • ii) the payment of expenses for the administration of the registered trade union, including audit of the accounts of the general funds of the registered trade union;
  • iii) the prosecution or defence of any legal proceeding to which the registered trade union or any member thereof is a party, when such prosecution or defence is undertaken for the purpose of securing or protecting any rights of the registered trade union as such or any rights arising out of the relations of any member with his employer or with a person whom the member employs;
  • iv) the conduct of trade disputes on behalf of the registered trade union or any member thereof;
  • v) the compensation of members for loss arising out of trade disputes;
  • vi) allowances to members or their dependants on account of death, old age, sickness, accidents or unemployment of such members;
  • vii) the issue of, or the undertaking of liability under, policies of assurance on the lives of members, or under policies insuring members against sickness, accident or unemployment;
  • viii) the provision of educational, social or religious benefits for members (including the payment of the expenses of funeral or religious ceremonies for deceased members) or for the dependants of members;
  • ix) the upkeep of a periodical published mainly for the purpose of discussing questions affecting employers or workmen as such; and
  • x) the payment, in furtherance of any of the objects on which the general funds of the registered trade union may be spent, of contributions to any cause intended to benefit workmen in general, provided that the expenditure in respect of such contributions in any financial year shall

13

not at any time during that year be in excess of one-fourth of the combined total of the gross income which has up to that time accrued to the general funds of the registered trade union during that year and of the balance at the credit of those funds at the commencement of that year. Sections 15(2) and 99(2)(q) 23. Constitution of a separate fund under sub-section (2) of section 15 - A registered trade union may constitute a separate fund, from contributions separately levied for or made to that fund, keeping in view the promotion of the civic and political furtherance of objectives such as purchase of land for construction office of the union, health benefits of the workers, welfare measures to be extended to family of workers or for any kind of litigation which is of common interest. Provided that such contribution to this separate fund should be taken as per provisions of the sub-section (3) of section 15 of the code. Sections 15(4) and 99(2)(q) 24. Subscriptions payable by the members of the registered trade union under sub-section (4) of section 15 - The monthly subscription shall be prescribed by State Government by notification from time to time. Sections 22(1) and 99(2)(r) 25. Application for adjudication before Industrial Tribunal under sub-section (1) of section 22 – In case of any dispute specified under section 22 of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, any of the party may submit application in FORM- XII alongwith judicial fee notified by State Government from time to time before the Industrial Tribunal of the jurisdiction for adjudication. Sections 24(2) & 24(3) and 99(2)(s) 26. Manner of Amalgamation of registered trade unions under subsection (2) of section 24 - (1) Any two or more registered trade unions may be amalgamated by way of resolutions, regarding merger of such unions, passed by majority of the members of such registered trade unions. (2) In case there is any change of name of amalgamated trade union, the amalgamated union, within a period of thirty days of amalgamation, shall submit fresh application to the Registrar for registration. Provided that the amalgamated union shall submit an application to the Registrar for amendment, within thirty days of such amalgamation, in the case of chosen the name of the amalgamated trade union from one of the existed trade unions.

14

Provided further that the registered trade union, which does not remain in existence after amalgamation, shall submit the application to the Registrar for dissolution of such trade union within thirty days of such amalgamation.

  • (3) Wherever such amalgamation of registered trade unions takes place, the trade union comes in existence after amalgamation can receive all the assets of the merged unions and shall be responsible for existing liabilities of such trade unions at the time of merger.
  • (4) The amalgamated trade union shall inform the Registrar of trade unions for all the assets and liabilities taken over by the amalgamated trade union.
  • (5) All the applicable provisions of the code will remain applicable on such amalgamated trade union. Sections 25(2) and 99(2)(t)
  1. Funds of a dissolved registered trade union under sub-section (2) of section 25— Where it is necessary for the Registrar under section 25 to distribute the funds of a registered trade union which has been dissolved, the Registrar shall divide the funds among members of the registered trade union in accordance with length of membership of members with such trade union. Sections 26(1)(a) and 99(2)(u)
  2. Annual returns under clause (a) sub-section (1) of section 26.— The annual return to be furnished under section 26 shall be submitted to the Registrar by the 31st day of March in each year and shall be in (Form-II). Sections 27(2) and 99(2)(v)
  3. Recognition of registered trade unions at State Level under sub- section (2) of Section 27: - (1) Application shall be filed in (Form-VII) by the registered trade union or federation of the registered trade unions to the Registrar of trade unions. Provided that every such application shall be submitted by the registered trade union with a resolution passed by majority of the members in the State of such trade union or federation of trade union.
  • (2) Upon receipt of the application or otherwise or Suo-moto, if it is felt by the Registrar, that the recognition of such registered trade unions or federation of trade unions at State level is necessary and expedient, the Registrar shall recognize such trade union at State level trade union or federation of trade union.

15

CHAPTER IV

STANDING ORDERS

sections 30(3) and 99(2)(w) 30. Manner of forwarding information to certifying officer under sub-section (3) of section 30- (1) If the employer adopts the model standing order of the Central Government referred to in section 29 with respect to matters relevant to his industrial establishment or undertaking, then, he shall intimate the concerned certifying officer electronically or otherwise, the specific date from which the provisions of the model standing order which are relevant to his establishment have been adopted. (2) On receipt of information referred to in sub-rule (1), the certifying officer within a period of thirty days from such receipt may give his observation that the employer is required to include certain provisions which are relevant to his establishment and indicate those relevant provisions of the model standing orders which have not been adopted and shall also direct the employer to amend the standing order so adopted, by way of addition, deletion or modification within a period of thirty days from the date of the receipt of such direction and ask for compliance report only in respect of provisions which the certifying officer seeks to get so amended and such report shall be sent electronically by the employer. (3) If no observation is made by certifying officer within a period of thirty days of the receipt of the information as specified in sub-rules (1) and (2), then, the standing order shall be deemed to have been adopted by the employer. sections 30(5) and 99(2)(x) 31. Manner of choosing representatives of workers of the industrial establishment or undertaking for issuing notice by certifying officer where there is no registered trade union operating, under clause (ii) of sub-section (5) of section 30 – (1) Where no trade union or council shall qualify as negotiating union or negotiating council, as prescribed in Rule 19 and Rule 20 of these rules, in an industrial establishment, as is referred to in clause (ii) of said sub-section (5), then the representatives of such workers shall be chosen from amongst the workforce by way of election in the presence of conciliation officer in such industrial

16

establishment. The number of such representatives shall be one for each fifty workers subject to a minimum of three representatives. (2) Upon their being chosen, the conciliation officer shall submit the information regarding chosen representatives as per sub-rule (1) to the certifying officer. (3) The certifying officer shall forward a notice along with copy of draft standing order to the elected representative as specified in sub-rule (1) and (2) of this rule; seeking objections and suggestions, if any, which the workers through elected representative may desire to make to the draft standing order. The elected representatives shall submit the relevant objections and suggestions to the certifying officer within fifteen days from the receipt of the notice. sections 30(8) and 99(2)(x) 32. Manner of authentication of certified standing orders under sub-section (8) of section 30.- The standing orders or modification in the standing orders, certified in pursuance of sub-section (8) of section 30 or the copies of the order of the appellate authority under sub-section (1) of section 33 shall be authenticated by the certifying officer or the appellate authority, as the case may be, and shall be sent electronically and physically within seven days and will be displayed at notice board of the industrial establishment and other conspicuous places within the premise(s) of such industrial establishment. Provided that the standing orders already certified before the date of applicability of this code shall be stand valid under the provisions of this code. However, any amendment in such standing orders shall be submitted to the certifying officer according to the provisions of this code. sections 30(9) and 99(2)(y) 33. Statement to be accompanied with draft standing orders under sub-section (9) of section 30.- A statement to be accompanied with draft standing order or draft modification in existing order shall contain:

  • i) The name of the industrial establishment or undertaking concerned, address, email address and contact number;
  • ii) Number of employees;
  • iii) Detail of registered trade unions;

17

  • iv) If registered trade unions exist, whether such trade unions have fifty one percent or more members, numbers of members of such trade unions and copy of resolution passed by the majority of members of such trade unions to negotiate on the draft standing orders.
  • v) Whether negotiating council exists or not, if yes, then manner of formation of negotiating council alongwith list of representatives of the such council. sections 30 (10) and 99(2)(z)
  1. Conditions for submission of draft standing order in similar establishment under sub-section (10) of section 30.- In cases of group of employer engaged in similar industrial establishment may submit a joint draft standing order to the Certifying Officer as notified by the State Government under section 30 and for the purpose of proceedings specified in sub-sections (1), (5), (6), (8) and (9) thereof after consultation with the concerned registered trade union, negotiating union or negotiating council, if any. Sections 32 and 99 (2) (za)
  2. Manner of disposal of appeal by appellate authority under section 32 - (1) An employer or registered trade union or negotiating union or negotiating council or such representative body of the workers of the industrial establishment desirous of preferring an appeal against the order of the certifying officer given under sub-section (5) of section 30 shall within sixty days of the receipt of such order shall draw up a memorandum of appeal in tabular form stating therein the provisions of the standing orders which are required to be altered or modified or deleted or added and reasons thereof and shall be filed electronically or otherwise to the appellate authority. Provided that such appeal includes requisite number of respondents such as concerned registered trade union, negotiating council, employers and the representative body of employees. (2) On receipt of such appeal, the appellate authority shall give notice to all the concerned and after affording an opportunity of being heard to all the concerned parties and after taking such evidence as it may have called and if produced, or considered to be relevant, shall pass an appropriate order within ninety days of the filing of such appeal,

18

dispose of the appeal either confirming the standing orders or directing the employer to modify the standing orders. sections 33 and 99 (2) (zb) 36. The language and the manner of maintaining standing order under sub-section (1) and (2) of section 33.- (1) The standing order finally certified by certifying officer shall be sent electronically or by the registered post. (2) The employer of the industrial establishment shall maintain the copy of standing order as finally certified or deemed to have been certified or adopted model standing order in English, in Hindi and in Gurmukhi in office of the industrial establishment and shall furnish such copy to any employee, trade unions and negotiating council of such industrial establishment on being asked within seven days of receipt of such application at its own cost. sections 34 and 99(2)(zc) 37. Register for final certified copy of standing order under section 34.- (1) The certifying officer shall maintain a register of all standing orders certified or deemed to have been certified or adopted model standing orders of all the concerned industrial establishments and shall make available to anybody concerned of the industrial establishment at cost to be notified by the State Government. sections 35(2) and 99(2)(zd) 38. Application for modification of standing order under sub-section (2) of section 35.- The application for modification of an existing standing order under sub-section (2) of section 35 shall be submitted electronically and manually containing the particulars of such standing orders which are proposed to be modified along with a tabular statement containing details of each of the relevant provisions of standing order in force, and proposed modifications therein, reasons thereof and the details of registered trade union(s), negotiating council, representatives of workers concerned, and such statement shall be signed by a person authorized by the industrial establishment or undertaking.

CHAPTER V

NOTICE OF CHANGE

sections 40 and 99(2)(ze) 39. The manner of giving of notice for change proposed to be affected under clause (i) of section 40.- (1) Any employer intending to effect any change in the conditions of service applicable to any worker in respect of any matter specified in the Third Schedule to the Code, shall

19

give notice in Form-VIII to such worker or workers affected by such change. Provided that such notice shall be properly addressed to the concerned employee. Provided further that the such notice, as referred in proviso (1), to an individual worker shall be given with proper receipt alongwith his or her signature or thumb impression of the concerned worker.

  • (2) If the notice referred to in sub-rule (1) affects the service conditions of the group of workers, then the notice shall be displayed conspicuously by the employer on the notice board at the main entrance of the industrial establishment.
  • (3) If the changes in conditions of service as specified in Third Schedule are different for different category of workers, then in that case, the employer shall deliver specific notices to each concerned worker separately with proper receipt alongwith their signature or thumb impression of the concerned workers.

CHAPTER VI

VOLUNTARY REFERENCE OF DISPUTES TO ARBITRATION

sections 42(3) and 99(2)(zf) 40. Form of arbitration agreement and the manner thereof under sub-section (3) of section 42. - (1) Where the employer and workers agree to refer the dispute to arbitration, the Arbitration Agreement shall be in Form-IX and shall be signed by the parties to the agreement. The agreement shall be accompanied by the consent in writing or electronically of arbitrator or arbitrators. (2) The Arbitration Agreement referred to in sub-rule (1) shall be signed-

  • (a) in case of an employer, by the employer himself, or when the employer is an incorporated company or other body corporate, by the agent, manager or other officer of the corporation authorized for such purposes;
  • (b) in case of the workers or any class of workers by the authorized office-bearer of the registered trade union or negotiating council authorized in this behalf or by representatives of the workers authorized by way of resolution passed by majority of the workers at a meeting of the concerned workers held for such purpose;
  • (c) in the case of an individual worker, by the worker himself -

20

Explanation- (1) In this rule, the expression, 'office-bearer' means any officer of a registered trade union or negotiating council or negotiating union or an association of the employer authorized for such purpose;

  • (3) In this rule, 'office-bearer' means any of the following namely: -
  • (a) the President;
  • (b) the Vice-President;
  • (c) the Secretary (including the General Secretary);
  • (d) a Joint Secretary; and
  • (e) any other office-bearer of the registered trade union authorized in this behalf, by the President and Secretary of the union. sections 42(5) and 99(2)(zg)
  1. Manner of issue of notification under sub-section (5) of section 42.- (1) The State Government, upon satisfaction that the persons making the reference represent the majority of each party, it shall publish the notification in this behalf in the Official Gazette of the State for information of the employers and workers who are not parties to the arbitration agreement but are concerned in the dispute and they may present their case before the arbitrator or arbitrators appointed for such purpose. Provided that such notification shall include the timeline for conclusion of the proceedings. (2) The arbitrator(s) specified in sub-section (1) of section 42 of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 shall conclude the proceedings and submit the arbitration award within ninety days from the date of the notification as referred in sub-rule (1) of this rule. sections 42(5) and 99(2)(zh)
  2. Manner of choosing representatives of workers where there is no registered trade union under sub-section (5) of section 42.- Where there is no registered trade union, the representative of workers to present their case before the arbitrator or arbitrators in pursuance of clause (c) of the proviso to sub-section (5) of section 42, shall be chosen by a resolution passed by the majority of concerned workers in Form- X authorizing therein to represent the case. Such workers shall be bound by the acts of representatives who have been authorized to represent before the arbitrator or arbitrators, as the case may be.

CHAPTER VII

MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES

sections 44, 46(6) and 99(2)

21

(2) A Judicial Member shall hold office till the date of his transfer or he attains the age of his superannuation, whichever is earlier. (3) In case of casual vacancy in the office of Judicial Member, the Punjab and Haryana High Court shall appoint the Judicial Member in the same manner as prescribed under sub-rule (1) of this Rule. 44. Manner of filling up of the vacancy under sub-section (9) of Section 44 and procedure for selection, salaries and allowances and other terms and condition of Administrative Member of the State Industrial Tribunal under sub-section (6) of section 46.- (1) The Administrative Member shall be appointed by the State Government from amongst the retired Group A officers having minimum eight years of experience in Quasi-Judicial functions preferably in relation to labour laws. The appointment shall be made on the recommendation of a Search-Cum-Selection Committee (SCSC) as specified in sub-rule (2) of this rule or to be notified by the State Government from time to time.

  • (i) Administrative Secretary, Department of Labour - Chairperson;
  • (ii) Labour Commissioner - Member- Secretary;
  • (iii) Representative from Department of Personnel not below the rank of Additional Secretary to Government of Punjab – Member and;
  • (iv) Representative from Department of Finance not below the

22

rank of Additional Secretary to Government of Punjab — Member;

  • (3) The Search-cum-Selection Committee (SCSC) shall invite the application from suitable candidates and, after taking into account qualification, suitability, record of past performance, integrity as well as experience keeping in view of the requirement of the Industrial Tribunal; shall appoint the suitable candidate for the said post. The appointment of the Administrative Member shall be notified by the State Government in the Official Gazette.
  • (4) No appointment of Administrative Member shall be declared invalid merely by reason of one vacancy or absence of any Member in the Search-cum-Selection Committee.
  • (5) An administrative Member shall hold office for a term of five years or till he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier.
  • (6) In case of casual vacancy in the office of Administrative Member, the Search-cum-Selection Committee shall appoint the Administrative Member in the same manner as prescribed under sub-rule (1) to sub-rule (3) of this Rule.
  • (7) The Administrative Member shall be entitled to receive last pay drawn at the time of his retirement, Provided that if, the Member at the time of his appointment was in respect of a pension or being eligible for that elected to draw, a pension (other than disability or wound pension) in respect of any previous service under the Central Government or a State Government, his salary in respect of any service as a Member shall be reduced:
  • i) By the amount of that pension;
  • iii) by any other form of retirement benefits, being drawn or availed of or to be drawn by him.
  • (8) Administrative Member shall be entitled for house rent allowance at the rate as admissible to an officer of the Government of Punjab holding Group A post carrying the same pay.

23

  • (9) The Administrative member shall able to avail leave as are admissible to an officer of the Government of Punjab holding Group A post carrying the same pay.
  • (10) (a) The State Government shall be the leave sanctioning authority for the Member.
  • (b) The State Government shall be the sanctioning authority for foreign travel to the Administrative Member.
  • (11) State Government Health Scheme facilities as admissible to an officer of the Government of Punjab holding Group A post carrying the same pay shall be applicable.
  • (12) Travelling allowance to an Administrative Member shall be admissible as per entitlement an officer of the Government of Punjab holding Group A post carrying the same pay.
  • (13) An Administrative Member shall be entitled for one time leave travel concession during his or her five years tenure as admissible to an officer of the Government of Punjab holding Group A post carrying the same pay. Provided that the administrative member has to complete more than three years of duration to avail the leave travel concession.
  • (14) An Administrative Member shall be entitled for conveyance/transport allowance as admissible to an officer of the Government of Punjab holding Group A post carrying the same pay.
  • (15) (a) If a written and verifiable complaint is received by the State Government, alleging any definite charge of misbehavior or incapacity to perform the functions as Administrative Member, it shall make a preliminary scrutiny of such complaint.
  • (b) If on preliminary scrutiny, the State Government is of the opinion that there are reasonable grounds for making an inquiry into the truth of any misbehavior or incapacity of an Administrative Member, it shall make a reference to the Search-Cum-Selection Committee to conduct the inquiry.
  • (c) The Search-Cum-Selection Committee shall complete the inquiry within six months’ time or such further time as may be specified by the State Government.

24

  • (d) After conclusion of the inquiry, the Search-Cum-Selection Committee shall submit its report to the State Government stating therein its findings and the reasons therefor on each of the charges separately with such observations on the whole case as it may think fit.
  • (17) The State Government shall, on the recommendation of the Search- Cum-Selection Committee, remove from office any Administrative Member, who-
  • (c) has become physically or mentally incapable of acting as such Member; or
  • (d) has acquired such financial or other interest as is likely to affect prejudicially his functions as an Administrative Member; or
  • (e) has so abused his position as to render his continuance in office prejudicial to the public interest: Provided that where an Administrative Member is proposed to be removed on any ground specified in clauses (b) to (e), he shall be informed of the charges against him and given an opportunity of being heard in respect of those charges.

25

(18) Every person appointed as Administrative Member shall, before entering upon his office, make and subscribe an oath of office and secrecy in the ‘Form-XI’ annexed to these rules. (19) Matter relating to the terms and conditions of services of the Administrative Member with respect to which no express provisions has been made in these rules, shall be referred by the Industrial Tribunal to the State Government for its decision, and the decision of the State Government thereon shall be binding. (20) The State Government shall have power to relax the provision of any of these rules in respect of any class or categories of persons for the reasons to be recorded in writing. sections 49 (3) (d) and 99(2)(zk) 45. Matters to trying a suit by conciliation officer, Tribunal and National Industrial Tribunal under clause (d) of sub-section (3) of Section 49:- The conciliation officer, Tribunal and National Industrial Tribunal shall have the same powers as are vested in a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure,1908, when trying a suit in respect of such matters as may be notified by the appropriate Government from time to time. 46. Manner of holding conciliation proceedings under sub-section (1), full report under sub-section (4), and application and the manner of deciding such application under sub-section (6) of section 53.- (1) Where the Conciliation Officer receives any information about an existing or apprehended industrial dispute and he considers it necessary to intervene in the dispute, he shall give formal intimation to the parties concerned declaring his intention to commence conciliation proceedings with effect from such date as may be specified therein.

  • (a) The employer or the workers representative in the first meeting shall submit their respective statement in the matter of said dispute.
  • (b) The conciliation officer shall hold conciliation proceedings for the purpose of bringing about a settlement of the dispute and may do all such things as he thinks fit for the purpose of inducing the parties to come to a fair and amicable settlement.

26

(2) Any of the parties to the dispute, during the pendency of conciliation proceedings before conciliation officer, thinks fit to approach Industrial Tribunal, may make an application in Form-XII before such Industrial Tribunal after expiry of forty-five days from the date of commencement of such proceedings before the conciliation officer. (4) The report referred to in sub-rule (3) shall be communicated electronically or otherwise to the parties concerned. (6) Any dispute which is not settled during the conciliation proceedings, then, either of the concerned party may make an application in Form-XII, before the Tribunal electronically within ninety days from the date of the report under sub-rule (3). (7) In case of an industrial dispute which has not been settled during the conciliation proceedings, an application may be made before the Tribunal by either of the parties concerned for adjudication. The Tribunal shall direct the party raising the dispute to file a statement of claim with complete details along with relevant documents, list of supporting documents and witnesses within thirty days from the date on which application is filed. A copy of such statement may be sent electronically for service on each of the opposite parties in the dispute. (8) The Tribunal after ascertaining that the copies of statement of claim and other related documents are furnished to the other side by the party raising the dispute, the Tribunal shall fix the first hearing as soon as possible and within a period of one month from the date of receipt of the application. The opposite party or parties shall file their written statement together with supporting documents and the list thereof and

27

list of witnesses, if any, within a period of thirty days from the date of first hearing and simultaneously forward a copy thereof to the opposite party or parties for service. (9) Where the Tribunal finds that the party raising the dispute, despite its directions, did not forward the copy of the statement of claim and other documents to the opposite party or parties, it shall give directions to the concerned party to furnish the copy of the statement to the opposite party or parties, granting extension of fifteen days for filing the statement, if the Tribunal finds sufficient cause for not filing the statement of claim and other documents within time. (10) The evidence shall be recorded in Tribunal or may be filed on affidavit but in the case of affidavit the opposite party shall have the right to cross-examine each of the deponents filing the affidavit. Where the oral examination of each witness proceeds, the Tribunal shall make a memorandum of the substance of what is being deposed. While recording the oral evidence, the Tribunal shall follow the procedure laid down in rule 5 of Order XVIII of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908). (11) On completion of evidence, arguments may be heard immediately or a date may be fixed for arguments, which shall not be beyond a period of fifteen days from the closure of evidence. (12) The Tribunal shall not ordinarily grant an adjournment for a period exceeding a week at a time, but not in any case more than three adjournments in all, at the instance of the parties to the dispute, shall be granted: Provided that the Tribunal for reasons to be recorded in writing, grant an adjournment exceeding a week at a time but not in any case more than three adjournments, at the instance of any one of the parties to the dispute, shall be granted. (13) In case any party defaults or fails to appear at any stage, the Tribunal may proceed with the case ex-parte, and decide the application in the absence of the defaulting party: Provided that the Tribunal may on the application of either party filed before the submission of the award, revoke the order that the case shall proceed ex- parte, if it is satisfied that the absence of the party

28

was on justifiable grounds, and proceed further to decide the matter as contested.

  • (14) The Tribunal shall communicate its award electronically to the parties concerned and the State Government within one month from the date of the pronouncement of the award.
  • (15) The Tribunal may summon and examine any person whose evidence appears to it to be material for deciding the case and shall be deemed to be a civil court within the meaning of sections 345, 346 and 348 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (1 of 1974).
  • (16) Where assessors are appointed to advise a Tribunal under sub- section (5) of section 49 in relation to proceeding before it, the Tribunal shall obtain the advice of such assessors, but such advice shall not be binding on such Tribunals.
  • (17) A party in an award, who wants to obtain a copy of the award or other document, may obtain a copy of the award or other document after depositing the fee electronically in the Tribunal in the following manner, namely: -
  • (a) fee for obtaining a copy of an award or the document filed in any proceedings of Tribunal be charged at the rate of rupees Two per page.
  • (b) For certifying a copy of any such award or order or document, a fee of rupees Two per page shall be payable.
  • (c) Copying and certifying fees shall be payable electronically.
  • (d) Where a party applies for immediate delivery of a copy of any such award or document, an additional fee equal to one-half of the fee leviable under this rule shall be payable.
  • (18) The representatives of the parties appearing before a Tribunal shall have the right of examination, cross-examination and of addressing the Tribunal or State Industrial Tribunal when evidence has been called.
  • (19) The proceedings before Tribunal shall be held in open court: Provided that the Tribunal may direct any proceeding before it to be held by video conferencing. Provided further that Tribunal may at any stage direct that any witness shall be examined or its proceedings be held in-camera.

29

CHAPTER VIII

sections 62(4) and 99(2)(zm) 47. Number of persons by whom the notice of strike shall be given, the person or persons to whom such notice shall be given and the manner of giving such notice under sub-section (4) of section 62. - (1) The notice of strike referred to in sub-section (1) of section 62 shall be given to the employer of an industrial establishment in Form- XIII which shall be duly signed by the office-bearers of the trade union. However, such notice must accompany a resolution signed by majority of the members of the trade union. sections 62(5), (6) and 99(2)(zn) 48. Manner of giving notice of lock-out under sub-section (5) and authority under sub-section (6) of section 62. - (1) The notice of lock- out referred to in sub-section (2) of section 62 shall be given by the employer of an industrial establishment in Form-XIV to the President or General Secretary of every registered trade union relating to such industrial establishment endorsing a copy thereof to the concerned conciliation officer, the Labour Commissioner, Punjab and the State Government electronically or otherwise. The notice shall be displayed conspicuously by the employer on a notice board or on electronic board at the main entrance to the industrial establishment. (2) If the employer of an industrial establishment receives from any person employed by him any notice of strike as referred to in sub-section (1) of section 62, then he shall within five days from the date of receiving of such notice, intimate the same electronically or otherwise to the concerned conciliation officer and the Labour Commissioner, Punjab. (3) If the employer gives to any person employed by him a notice of lock-out, then he shall within five days from the date of such notice, intimate electronically or otherwise the same to the concerned conciliation officer and the Labour Commissioner, Punjab.

CHAPTER IX

LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE

sections 70(c) and 99(2)(zo) 49. Manner of serving notice before retrenchment of the worker under clause (c) of section 70.- (1) If any employer desires to retrench any worker employed in his industrial establishment who has been in continuous service for not less than one year under him, then, such

30

employer shall give notice of such retrenchment in Form-XV to the State Government, the Labour Commissioner, Punjab and the concerned officer of the area jurisdiction, through e-mail or, by registered or speed post. (2) If notice referred in sub-rule (1), on scrutiny, contains incomplete information in any of the aspects such as retrenchment, compensation, gratuity, leave encashment or any other dues then such incomplete notice shall not be considered as notice and in such case, the concerned officer shall write back to the employer that such notice is not considered as retrenchment notice under the provisions of the code. sections 72 and 99(2)(zp) 50. Manner of giving an opportunity for re-employment to the retrenched workers under Section 72.- In case of any vacancy arisen in an Industrial establishment within the period of one year from the date of retrenchment, the employer of such industrial establishment shall inform such retrenched workers about the vacancy through registered post or speed post and on their email ID with an information to the concerned conciliation officer. The employer of the Industrial establishment shall consider such retrenched workers for re-employment against the vacancies within thirty days from such communication to the retrenched worker. sections 74(1) and 99(2)(zq) 51. Manner of serving notice by the employer for intended closure under sub-section (1) of section 74 - If an employer intends to close down an industrial establishment, he shall give notice of such closure in Form-XV to the State Government, the Labour Commissioner, Punjab and the concerned officer of the area jurisdiction, by e-mail or registered post or speed post.

CHAPTER X

SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO LAY-OFF,

RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE IN CERTAIN ESTABLISHMENTS sections 78(2) and 99(2)(zr) simultaneously to the worker concerned electronically and by registered post or speed post. Such application shall also be displayed conspicuously by the employer on a notice board or on electronic board at the main entrance of the industrial establishment. sections 78(3) and 99(2)(zs) 53. Manner for applying for permission from the State Government to continue the lay-off under sub-section (3) of section 78.- The employer shall in case of an industrial establishment being a mine specified in sub-section (3) of section 78 where the workers (other than Badli workers or casual workers) have been laid-off under sub-section (1) of section 78 for reasons of fire, flood or excess of inflammable gas or explosion, within a period of thirty days from the date of commencement of such lay-off, apply to the State Government electronically and by registered or speed post with a copy to the Labour Commissioner, Punjab and the concerned officer of the area jurisdiction, for permission to continue the lay-off specifying the number of days; intimating the number of workers to be laid off, the total number of workers employed in the industrial establishment, the date of layoff and the reasons for continuation of such layoff. sections 78(7) and 99(2)(zt) 54. Time-limit for review under sub-section (7) of section 78.-The State Government may, either on its own motion or on the application made by the employer or any worker, review its order granting or refusing to grant permission under sub-section (4) of the section 78 within a period of thirty days from the date on which such order is made. sections 79(2) and 99(2)(zu) 55. Manner of making application to the State Government by the employer for the intended retrenchment and manner of serving copy of such application to workers under sub-section (2) of section 79.- An application for permission referred to in sub-section (1) of section 79 shall be made by the employer in Form-XVI stating clearly therein the reasons for the intended retrenchment electronically and a copy of such application shall also be sent to workers electronically and by registered post or speed post. Such application shall also be displayed conspicuously by the employer on a notice board or on electronic board at the main entrance to the industrial establishment. sections 79(6) and 99(2)(zv) 56. Time-limit for review under sub-section (6) of section 79.-The State Government may, either on its own motion or on the application made by the employer or any worker, review its order granting or

32

refusing to grant permission under sub-section (3) of section 79 within a period of thirty days from the date on which such orders is made. sections 80(1) and 99(2)(zw) 57. Manner of making application to the State Government by the employer for intended closing down of an industrial establishment and the manner of serving copy of such application to the representatives of workers under sub-section (1) of section 80.-An employer who intends to close down an industrial establishment to which Chapter X of the Code applies, shall apply electronically in Form-XVI for prior permission at least ninety days before the date on which intended closure is to become effective to the State Government, stating clearly therein the reasons for the intended closure of the industrial establishment and simultaneously a copy of such application shall also be sent to the representatives of the workers electronically and by registered post or speed post. sections 80(5) and 99(2)(zx) 58. Time-limit for review under sub-section (5) of section 80.- The State Government may, either on its own motion or on the application made by the employer or any worker, review its order granting or refusing to grant permission under sub-section (2) of section 80 within a period of thirty days from the date on which such order is made.

CHAPTER XI

WORKER RE-SKILLING FUND

sections 83(2) (b), 83(3) and 99(2)(zy), 99(2)(zz) 59. Contribution to Workers Re-skilling fund and Manner of utilization of fund under section 83.- (1) The contribution from such other sources towards worker re-skilling fund as may be notified by the appropriate Government from time to time. last drawn in respect of each worker along with their bank account details to enable the State Government to transfer the amount in their respective account.

CHAPTER XII

OFFENCES AND PENALTIES

Section 85 (1) and 99(2)(zzf) 60. Officer for holding enquiry— For the purpose of Section 85 (1), the Appropriate Government may, by notification, appoint any officer, as the officer appointed for holding enquiry. sections 89(1), (4) and 99(2)(zza) (2) The accused to whom the notice referred to in sub-rule (1) is served, may send the Part III of the Form duly filled by him to the compounding officer electronically or otherwise and deposit the compounding amount electronically or otherwise in the account to be notified by State

34

Government from time to time, within fifteen days of the receipt of the notice.

  • (3) Where the prosecution has already been instituted against the accused in the competent Court, he may make an application to the Court to compound the offence against him and the Court, after considering the application, may allow composition of the offence by the compounding officer in accordance with provisions of section 89.
  • (4) If the accused complies with the requirement of sub-rule (2), the compounding officer shall compound the offence for the amount of money deposited by the accused and-
  • (a) If the offence is compounded before the prosecution, then no complaint for prosecution shall be instituted against the accused; and
  • (b) If the offence is compounded after institution of prosecution under sub-rule (3) with the permission of the Court, then, the compounding officer shall treat the case as closed as if no prosecution had been launched and will proceed in accordance with composition under clause (a) and intimate the composition of offence to the competent Court in which the prosecution is pending and after receiving such intimation, the Court shall discharge the accused and close the prosecution.
  • (5) The compounding officer shall issue a receipt in PART IV of the form against the amount of money deposited by the accused for composition of the offense.

CHAPTER XIII

MISCELLNEOUS

sections 90 (4) and 99(2)(zzf) 62. Protected Workmen under sub section (4) of Section 90- (1)

Every registered trade union or negotiating council connected with an industrial establishment, to, which the code applies, shall communicate to the employer, before the [31st December] every year, the names and addresses of such office-bearers of the union or representatives of the negotiating council who are employed in that establishment and who, in the opinion of the union or negotiating council, should be recognized as “protected workmen” in the industrial establishment. Any change in the incumbency of any such office-bearer or representative shall be

35

communicated to the employer by the trade union or negotiating council, as the case may be, within fifteen days of such change.

  • (2) The employer shall recognize such workmen to be [protected workmen for a period of twelve months from the date of such communication] for the purposes of sub-section (4) of the said section 90 and communicate to the registered trade union or negotiating council, in writing, within fifteen days of the receipt of the names and address under sub-rule (1), the list of workmen recognized as protected workmen. Provided that, where there is more than one registered trade union in the industrial establishment, the maximum number shall be so distributed by the employer among the trade unions that the numbers of recognized “protected workmen” in individual unions bear roughly the same proportion to one another as the membership figures of the unions. The employer shall in that case intimate in writing to the President or the Secretary of the union the number of protected workmen allotted to it: Provided further that where the number of “protected workmen” allotted to a union under this sub-rule falls short of the number of office bearers of the unions seeking protection, the union shall be entitled to select the office bearers to be recognized as protected workmen. Such selection shall be made by the union and communicated to the employer within five days of the receipt of the employer’s letter.
  • (4) When a dispute arises between an employer and any registered trade union or negotiating council where a particular workman should be recognized as a “protected workman” or not, the dispute shall, be referred to the Conciliation Officer concerned for decision. An appeal against the decision of the Conciliation Officer shall lie to the Labour Commissioner, Punjab, whose decision thereon shall be final. sections 91 and 99(2)(zzc)
  1. Manner of making complaint by an aggrieved worker under section 91.- (1) Every complaint under section 91 of the Code shall be made electronically and by registered post or speed post in Form -

36

XVIII and shall be accompanied by as many copies as there are opposite parties mentioned in the complaint. (2) Every complaint under sub-rule (1) shall be verified by the worker making the complaint or by authorized representative of the worker proved to the satisfaction of the conciliation officer, arbitrator, and the Industrial Tribunal, as the case may be, to be acquainted with the facts of the case. Provided that the complaint referred in sub-rule (1) and sub-rule (2) made before conciliation officer or arbitrator or Industrial Tribunal shall be disposed within thirty days from the date of its filing. sections 94(1) and 99(2)(zzd) 64. Manner of authorization of worker for representing in any proceeding under sub-section (1) of section 94.-Where the worker is not a member of any registered trade union, then, any member of the executive or other office-bearer of any registered trade union connected with or by any other worker employed in the industry in which the worker is employed may be authorized by such worker to represent him in any proceeding under the Code relating to a dispute in which the worker is a party in Form-X. sections 94(2) and 99(2)(zze) 65. Manner of authorization of employer for representing in any proceeding under sub-section (2) of section 94.- Where the employer, is not a member of any association of employers, may authorize in Form-X an officer of any association of employers connected with, or by any other employer engaged in, the industry in which the employer is engaged to represent him in any proceeding under the Code relating to a dispute in which the employer is a party. sections 99(2) and 99(2)(zzf) 66. Collection of statistics: - The employer shall submit the details of strike, lock-out, lay-off, retrenchment and closure statistics required under these rules electronically in Form and manner from time to time to the State Government as well as to the Office of Director General, Labour Bureau. Section 99(2)(zzf) 67. Repeal and savings - The Industrial Disputes (Punjab) Rules, 1958, the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Punjab Rules, 1978 and the Punjab registered trade union Regulations, 1927 are hereby repealed:

37

Provided that any order issued or any action taken under the aforesaid rules and regulations so repealed, shall be deemed to have been issued or taken under the corresponding provisions of these rules. Date- Endst No. dab 0M28c/198/2025-42/1077 Dated, Chadigarh- 29|12|2025 A copy of the above is forwarded to Controller, Printing & Stationary, Punjab with the request to publish this notification in Punjab Government Ordinary Gazette. Harjeet Singh. Superintendent No. JAB 0 HDSC/192/2025-42/1078-1079 Dated, Chandigarh- 29/12/2025 A copy is forwarded to the following for information and necessary action- Hayeet Singh superintendent

38

FORM I

(See rule 3) (Memorandum of settlement arrived at during conciliation/ or settlement arrived at between the employer and his workers otherwise than in the course of conciliation proceeding) Names of Parties: ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ . Terms of settlement ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Signature of the parties Witnesses:

  • (1)
  • (2) Signature of Conciliation Officer In case the settlement arrived at between the employer and his workers otherwise than in the course of conciliation proceeding the copy of the memorandum shall be marked to the concerned Conciliation Officer.

39

FORM II

{See Rule 9 (3), Rule 11 and Rule 28)

Part-A

  1. Address of the Union
  2. Contact number:
  3. Email address:
  4. Number and date of certificate of registration
  5. Classification of Industry: [Please state to which of the following four categories the union belongs] -
  • (a) Public Sector - Central Sphere;
  • (b) Public Sector - State Sphere;
  • (c) Private Sector - Central Sphere; and
  • (d) Private Sector - State Sphere]
  1. Name of the All-India Body/Federation to which affiliated
  2. Number and date of receipt for payment of affiliation fee
  3. No. of members on books at the beginning of the year
  4. No. of members admitted during the year
  5. No. of members who left during the year
  6. No. of the members on books at the end of the year (i.e. on 31st March, 20 __)

| Male | Female | Total | | :--- | :--- | :--- | 17. No. of members contributing to political or separate fund 18. No. of members who paid their subscription for the whole year Date the President or General Secretary

40

Part B

Statement of Liabilities and Assets of the 31st Day on March, 20__. | Liabilities | Rs. Ps. | Assets | Rs. Ps. | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Amount of general fund | | Cash - | | | Amount of political fund | | In hands of Treasurer | | | Loans from | | In hands of Secretary | | | | | In hands of | | | | | In the Bank | | | | | Securities as per list below | | | | | Un-paid subscription due for - | | | | | *(a) the year | | | | | *(b) previous year | | | | | Loans to - | | | | | (a) Officers | | | | | (b) members | | | | | (c) others | | | Debts due to - | | Immovable property | | | Other liabilities (to be specified) | | Goods and Furniture | | | | | Other assets (to be specified) | | | Total liabilities | | Total Assets | | List of Securities | Particulars | Face Value | Cost Price | Market price at date on which accounts have been made up | In hands of | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | GENERAL FUND ACCOUNT

| | | | Treasure | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Income | | Expenditure | | | | Rs Ps. | | Rs. Ps. | | Balance at the beginning of the year | | Salaries, allowance and expenses of Officers | |

41

| Subscription from members (including unpaid subscriptions due for the year) | | Travelling allowance, salaries, allowances and expenses of establishment | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | Auditors' fee | | | | | Legal expenses | | | (a) Subscriptions received | | Expenses in conducting trade disputes | | | (b) Subscription in arrears for three months or less | | Compensation paid to members for loss arising out of trade disputes | | | (c) Subscription in arrears for more than three months | | Funeral, old age, sickness, unemployment benefits etc. | | | | | Educational, Social and religious benefits | | | Donations | | Cost of publishing periodicals | | | Sale of periodicals, books, rules, etc. | | | | | Interest on investments | | Rents, rates and taxes, | | | Income from Miscellaneous sources (to be specified) | | Stationery, Printing and postage | | | | | Expenses incurred under section 15 of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 (to be specified) | | | | | Other expenses (to be specified) | | | | | Balance at the end of year | | | Total | | Total at | | | | Rs Ps. | | Rs Ps. | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Balance at the beginning of year | | Payments made on objects specified in section 15 of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 (to be specified) | | | Contribution from members | | Expenses of management (to | | | at .................... per member | | be fully specified) Balance at end of year | | | --- | --- | --- | --- |

Auditors Declaration

The undersigned, having had access to all the books and accounts of the registered trade union, and having examined the foregoing statements and verified the same with the account vouchers relating thereto, now sign the same as found to be correct, duly vouched and in accordance with the law, subject to the remarks, if any, appended hereto and also certify that the registered trade union had properly maintained its membership register and its accounts and the members had paid their membership subscriptions to the registered trade union as shown in the foregoing statement of the general fund account of the Union, subject to the remarks, if any, appended hereto. Auditor The following changes of [office bearers] have been made during the year.

[officer bearers] Relinquishing Office

| Name of [Office bearer] | Date of relinquishing office | | --- | --- | | | | | Name | Date of birth | Private address | Personal occupation | Title or position held in the registered trade union | Date on which appointment in column 5 was taken up | Other offices held in addition to membership of executive with date | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | |

Elections

(Form of Affidavit)

    1. That all particulars supplied as per Forms and Schedules as well as other documents are true.
    1. That the scope of the Union shall be for the employees of (Name of Establishment)
    1. That there are ______________ employees are working in ______________ (Name of Establishment) and out of which ______________ employees are members of our union.
    1. That this is my true statement and it conceals nothing and that no part of it is false.
    1. That the authority shall be at liberty to take appropriate action against me if any information/ document furnished is found to be false, frivolous or incorrect.
    1. That the list of Trade Union Member along with attested Aadhar Number for verification is appended with the affidavit and no member has been compelled or force to share the Aadhar. Verification: - Verified at _______________ (Place) on _______________ (Date) that the contents of the above affidavit are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Deponent.

44

FORM-IV

{ SEE Rule 12 } Application for Registration of registered trade union Dated ______________ day of ______________ 20 To The Registrar, Trade Unions, Punjab.

    1. We hereby apply for the registration of a registered trade union under the name of _______________
    1. The address of the head office of the union is
    1. Contact number
    1. Email address
    1. Details of Bank account:
  • (a) Account No.
  • (b) Name of the Bank __
  • (c) Address of the Bank Branch __
  • (e) Type of account (Savings or current) __________
    1. Affiliation, if any __
    1. The union is union of employers/workers engaged in the industry _______________ or (profession).
    1. Classification of Sector - (a) Public Sector - Central Sphere (b) Public Sector - State Sphere;

45

  • (c) Private Sector - Central Sphere; and
  • (a) a declaration to be made by an affidavit in FORM-III of the Industrial Relations (Punjab) Rules, 202 as required by Section 8(1) (a) of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020;
  • (b) copy of the rules of the Trade Union together with a copy of the resolution by the members of the Trade Union adopting such rules as required with the provisions of section 8 (1)(b) of Industrial Relations Code, 2020;
  • (c) a copy of the resolution adopted by the members of the Trade Union authorizing the applicants to make an application for registration as required with the provisions of section 8 (1)(c) of Industrial Relations Code, 2020; and
  • (d) in the case of a Trade Union, being a federation or a central organization of Trade Unions, a copy of the resolution adopted by the members of each of the member Trade Unions, meeting separately, agreeing to constitute a federation or a central organization of Trade Unions as required with the provisions of section 8(1)(d) of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020.
    1. We have been duly authorised to make this application by* | Sr. No. | Name | Post held in the trade union | Occupation | Address | Signature | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | | | | | | | 2 | | | | | | | 3 | | | | | | | 4 | | | | | | | 5 | | | | | | | 6 | | | | | | | 7 | | | | | |

46

(This Need Not Be Filled in If the Unions Came into Existence Less Than One Year Before the Date of Application for Registration) | Liabilities | Rs. Ps. | Assets | Rs. Ps. | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Amount of general fund | | Cash - | | | Amount of political fund | | In hands of Treasurer | | | Loans from | | In hands of Secretary | | | | | In hands of | | | | | In the Bank | | | | | Securities as per list below | | | | | Un-paid subscription due for - | | | | | *(a) the year | | | | | *(b) previous year | | | | | Loans to - | | | | | (a) Officers | | | | | (b) members | | | | | (c) others | | | Debts due to - | | Immovable property | | | Other liabilities (to be specified) | | Goods and Furniture | | | | | Other assets (to be specified) | | | Total liabilities | | Total Assets | |

List of Securities

| Particulars | Face Value | Cost Price | Market price at date on which accounts have been made up | In hands of | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | GENERAL FUND ACCOUNT | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | Treasure | | Income | | Expenditure | | | | Rs Ps. | | Rs. Ps. | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Balance at the beginning of the year | | Salaries, allowance and expenses of Officers | | | Subscription from members (including unpaid subscriptions due for the year) | | Travelling allowance, salaries, allowances and expenses of establishment | | | | | Auditors' fee | | | | | Legal expenses | | | (a) Subscriptions received | | Expenses in conducting trade disputes | | | (b) Subscription in arrears for three months or less | | Compensation paid to members for loss arising out of trade disputes | | | (c) Subscription in arrears for more than three months | | Funeral, old age, sickness, unemployment benefits etc. | | | | | Educational, Social and religious benefits | | | Donations | | Cost of publishing periodicals | | | Sale of periodicals, books, rules, etc. | | | | | Interest on investments Income from Miscellaneous sources (to be specified) | | Rents, rates and taxes, Stationery, Printing and postage Expenses incurred under section 15 of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 (to be specified) | | | | | Other expenses (to be specified) | | | | | Balance at the end of year | | | Total | | Total at | | | | Rs Ps. | | Rs Ps. | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Balance at the beginning of year | | Payments made on objects specified in section 15 of the | | | | | Industrial Relations Code, 2020 (to be specified) | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Contribution from members at .................... per member | | Expenses of management (to be fully specified) Balance at end of year | | Treasurer Signature of Applicants with stamp

49

FORM V

Certificate of Registration of registered trade union It is hereby certified that _______________ has been registered under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 this _______________ day of _______________ 20__ having its affiliation to _______________ (Not applicable if not affiliated). The registration certificate has been issued for the following purposes:

    1. It is registered for the category of ___________ (Public/Private) Sector at ___________ [Central/State (Punjab)] level.
    1. The jurisdiction of the trade union is ____________ (Industry or profession or unorganized sector). The registration certificate has been issued subject to the condition that the trade union will abide by all the provision of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 and rules or regulations or any other orders, notifications made thereunder. Registrar of registered trade unions

50

    1. Date of registration.
    1. Name of trade Union.
    1. (a) Address of the head office of trade Union.
    1. Date of establishment of Trade Union.
    1. Officers of Trade Union- Title Name Post in trade union Address
    1. Whether provision has been made for a separate fund under section 16 and, if so, from what date.
    1. (a) Date of intimation for alteration of rules
  • (b) Date of Registration of alteration of rules and its notification to the Secretary of the Trade Union.
    1. (a) Date of registration of change of address of registered office.
    1. (a) Date registration of amalgamation.
  • (b) Name of the amalgamated union.
  • (c) Registration number of the amalgamated Union.
    1. (a) Date of application for cancellation of registration under section 9 (5)(i).
  • (b) Date of giving notice for cancellation or withdrawal under provision of section 9(5)(iii).
  • (c) Date of issue of order withdrawing or cancelling registration.
    1. (a) (1) Names of the members applying for dissolution.
  • (2) Occupation of the members applying for dissolution.
  • (3) Address of the members applying for dissolution.
  • (b) Date of registration of dissolution and issue of certificate to that effect. Signature of the Registrar

FORM VII

(See Rule 29) To, The Registrar registered trade unions, Punjab Annexure- copy of resolution Dated the President or General Secretary

53

FORM VIII

(Notice of change of service conditions proposed by an employer) Ref. No. Dated the .............day of............ 20..... In accordance with section 40(1) of Industrial Relation code I/We hereby give notice to all concerned that it is my/our intention to effect the change/changes specified in the annexure, with effect from ............. in the conditions of service applicable to workers or group of workers or whole of the workforce in respect of the matters specified in the Third Schedule to this code Signature........................................................................

ANNEXURE

Designation ..................

54

And Representing worker

  • (i) Specific matters in dispute.
  • (iii) Name of the worker in case he himself is involved in the dispute or the name of the union, if any, representing the worker or workers in question. We further agree that the majority decision of the arbitrator(s) shall be binding on us in case the arbitrator(s) are equally divided in their opinion they shall appoint another person as umpire whose award shall be binding on us. The arbitrator (s) shall make his (their) award within a period of...........................(here specify the period agreed upon by the parties) from the date of publication of this agreement in the Official Gazette by the state Government or within such further time as is extended by mutual agreement between us in writing. In case, the award is not made within the period afore mentioned, the reference to the arbitration shall stand automatically cancelled and we shall be free to negotiate for fresh arbitrator.

55

Signature of the parties Representing employer/Representing worker/workers. Witnesses Copy to:

  • (ii) The Principal Secretary to the Government of Punjab, Department of Labour.
  • (iii) The Labour Commissioner, Punjab.

56

FORM X

(See rule 42, rule 64 and rule 65) In the matter of: (mention the name of the proceeding) Versus I/we hereby authorise Shri / Sarva Shri (if representatives are more than one) 1...........2.............3............. to represent me/us in the above matter. {See sub - rule (18) of rule 44}

Form of Oath of Office for Administrative Member of Industrial Tribunal

(Signature) Copy to the Principal Secretary to Government of Punjab, Department of Labour

FORM XII

(Application to be submitted before the Tribunal) Address................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Versus ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Address................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ The above-mentioned applicant begs to state as follows: -

Form XIII

(Notice of Strike to be given by Union (Name of Union)/ Group of Workers) Name of five elected representatives of workers................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Dated the................day of................20................ To

(The name of the employer). Dear Sir/Sirs, In accordance with the provisions contained in sub-section (1) of section 62 of the Industrial Relation code I/We hereby give you notice that I propose to call a strike / we propose to go on strike on ...........20.... for the reasons explained in the annexure. Yours faithfully, Secretary of the Union) Five representatives of the workers duly elected at a meeting held on...................................(date), vide resolution attached.]

ANNEXURE

Statement of the Case. Copy to;

    1. Conciliation Officer of the concerned area.
    1. Labour Commissioner, Punjab.

60

FORM XIV

(See rule 48 (1)) From Address................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ To Address of the union/class of workers .................................................................... In accordance with the provisions of 62(6) of this code, I/we hereby give notice to all concerned that it is my/our intention to effect lock out in.,...................................................................................department(s), section(s) of my/our establishment with effect from....................................................................for the reasons explained in the annexure. | 1. | Statement of reasons | | --- | --- |

  • (2)Conciliation officer ………. [Here enters office address of Conciliation Officer of the concerned area.]
  • (3)Labour Commissioner, Punjab [In cases of Part I, the prior notice of intimation should be served one month’s notice before the commencement of retrenchment and in cases of Part II, i.e., closure, prior notice of intimation of sixty days is required to be given before the commencement of closure] Ref. No................ Dated ................(DD/MM/YYYY). Name of Industrial Establishment or Undertaking or Employer................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Address................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ The Principal Secretary, Government of Punjab, Department of Labour, Punjab. Sir,

Part I

(Retrenchment)

    1. Under clause (a) of section 70 of the Industrial Relation Code, 2020, 1. (Retrenchment) (a) Under Section 70(C) of this Code, I/we* hereby intimate you that I*/we* have decided to retrench............................................. workers** out of a total of.................... Workers** with effect from...................................................(DD/MM/YYYY) Annexure I (include detail such as name, employee code, Date of joining, detail of salary drawn at the time of notice of retrenchment of such retrenched worker/workers

62

and date of notice of retrenchment, date of retrenchment, amount of compensation to be given and reason for retrenchment etc.)

  • 2. The workers concerned have been given on the.................(DD/MM/YYYY) one month’s notice in writing as required. or The worker(s) have been given on the...........(DD/MM/YYYY) one month’s pay in lieu of notice as required.
    1. I/We undertake (s) that in case we propose to take into employment any person within one year of such retrenchment, the retrenched workers/workers shall be considered for re-employment in compliance with the provisions of section 72 of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020.

(Closure)

    1. Under sub-section (1) of section 74 of the Industrial Relation Code, 2020, I/ we hereby inform you that I/we have decided to close down........................................... (name of the industrial establishment or undertaking or employer) with effect from...........(DD/MM/YYYY) for the reasons explained in the Annexure I (include detail such as name, employee code, Date of joining, detail of salary drawn at the time of notice of closure to worker/workers and date of notice of closure, date of closure of the establishment, amount of compensation to be given and reason for closure etc.)
    1. The number of workers whose services would come to an end on account of the closure of the industrial establishment or undertaking are.................... (number of workers). Number of workers ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

63

Category and designation …………………… of workers, who have been affected due to closure. I/We hereby declare that the worker/workers concerned has/have been/will be paid compensation due to them under section 75 of this Code before or on the date of expiry of the notice period. Yours faithfully, (Name & Designation of the (employer/Authorized Representative)

  • 2. Conciliation Officer of the concerned area

FORM XVI

[Form of application for permission of Lay-off or Retrenchment or Closure in Industrial establishments or undertaking to which provisions of Chapter X of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 applies] The Principal Secretary, Government of Punjab, Department of Labour, Punjab. Sir,

  • 3. The workers concerned have been given* notice in writing as required under clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 79. The worker concerned have not* been given notice since the retrenchment is under an agreement (copy of which is enclosed) as provided in the proviso to the said clause.

65

    1. Under section 80(1) of the Industrial Relation Code, 2020, I / we hereby inform you that I/we propose to close down the undertaking specified below of (name of the industrial establishment). (Give details include name, employee code, Date of joining, detail of salary drawn at the time of closure and date of closure of the establishment, amount of compensation to be given and reason for closure etc. as in Annexure II) with effect from (DD/MM/YYYY) All Such workers permitted to be laid-off/ retrenched or terminated due to closure will be paid such compensation, to which they are entitled under section 67, read with section 78(10), or, 79(9) or, 80(8) respectively of this Code as per the details given below.
    1. (Retrenchment) I*/we* hereby declare that the workers concerned will be retrenched in compliance to the Section 71 and section 72 of this Code.
    1. I/We hereby declare that the worker(s) concerned have been*/will be* paid all the dues and compensation due to them under section 67, read with section 78(10)* / section 79* / section 80* of this Code before or on the expiry of the notice period. or I/We hereby state that currently Insolvency proceedings are on in respect of the said Industrial Establishment/Undertaking/Employer, and that I/we* will pay all the dues along with the compensation due to them under concerned laws.
    1. I/we* hereby declare that no court case is pending before any Court in the matter, and if yes, the details thereof have been Annexed. Yours faithfully,

66

(Strike off which is not applicable) (* The application for permission in case of closure must be given at least 90 days before of the intended closure)

ANNEXURE I

Part A

    1. employee code,
    1. reason for lay-off/ retrenchment | | Total no. of workers/ no. of to be retrenched | Unskilled (total no. of workers/ to be retrenched) | | Semi-skilled (total no. of workers/ to be retrenched) | | Skilled (total no. of workers/ to be retrenched) | | Highly skilled (total no. of workers/ to be retrenched) | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1. | | | | | | | | | | | 2. | Reasons for lay-off/retrenchment/Closure (strike out whichever is not applicable)- | | | | | | | | |

ANNEXURE II

Part-A

    1. Name of the worker
    1. employee code,
    1. date of closure, | | Particulars | Remarks, if any | | --- | --- | --- | | 1. | Name of the industrial establishment/ undertaking with complete postal address along with Pin Code, e-mail, telephone number(s). | | | 2. | Status of undertaking— (i) Whether State Public sector/State public sector/Foreign majority company /joint sector company, etc., (In case of foreign holding company then indicate the extent of foreign holding) | Indicate the status of the company | | | (ii) Whether a private limited company/ partnership firm or proprietorship firm | | | 3. | (a) MCA number | | | | (b) GSTN number | | | | (c) Registration number of the labour department | | | 4. | (a) *Names and identification number of the affected workers proposed to be laid-off/retrenched/ to be affected by closure. | The identification number UAN of EPFO under SS Code. | | | | | | 5. | (i) Annual production, item wise for pre-ceding three years- | | | | (ii) Production figures, month-wise, for the preceding twelve months, | | | 6. | Balance sheets, profit and loss accounts and audit reports for the last three years. | To be annexed | | 7. | Net worth of the company | | | 8. | Names of the inter-connected companies or companies under the same management. | |

68

| 9. | Details of lay-off/ Retrenchment resorted to in the last three years (other than the lay-off/ Retrenchment for which permission is sought), including the periods of such lay-offs/ Retrenchment the number of workmen involved in each such lay-off/ Retrenchment / continuation of lay off | | | --- | --- | --- | | 10. | Any other relevant details which have bearing on lay-off or retrenchment or Closure. | |

PART - I

    1. Name and Address of the offender Employer- .............................................................................
    1. Address of the Establishment
    1. Particulars of the offence You are advised to deposit the above-mentioned amount within fifteen days from the date of issue of this notice for compounding the offence as per section 89(1) of the Industrial Relation Code, 2020, along with an application duly filled in part – III of this notice. In case you fail to deposit the said amount within the specified time, no further opportunity shall be given and necessary direction for filing of prosecution under section (s) ______ shall be issued. Place:

70

PART – III

Application under sub-section (4) of section 89 for compounding of offence

  • 2. Address of the applicant ...........................................................................................................................................
    1. Particulars of the offence
    1. Section of the Code under which the offence has been committed

................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

  • 5. Details of the compounding amount deposited (electronically generated receipt or Demand draft to be attached) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    1. Details of the prosecution, if filed for the violation of above-mentioned offences may be given ...........................................................................
    1. Whether the offence is first offence or the applicant had committed any other offence prior to this offence, if committed, then, full details of the offence
    1. Any other information which the applicant desires to provide Applicant (Name and signature) Dated: Place:

PART-IV

Receipt No. dated:

71

A sum of Rs. ________ by the way of Demand draft no. ________ dated ________ issued by the bank ________ (Name of the bank) has been received from ______________ (Name of the employer/manager) of M/s ______________ (Name of the establishment) ______________ (Address of the establishment) on dated ________ on account of composition of offence under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 and the rules made thereunder. Before the Conciliation officer/Arbitrator/Industrial Tribunal ------, Versus B............................ Opposite Party(ies). Address: (Here set out briefly the particulars showing the manner in which the alleged contravention has taken place and the grounds on which the order or act of the management is challenged.) The complainant(s) accordingly prays/pray that the Conciliation officer/ Arbitrator/ Industrial Tribunal may be pleased to decide the complaint set out above and pass such order or orders thereon as it may deem fit and proper. The number of copies of the complaint and its annexure required under rule 91 of the Industrial Relation Code are submitted herewith. Dated this................day of.............20 .... Signature of the Complainant(s)

Verification

73

Knowledge and that what is stated in paragraphs........... above is stated upon information received and believed by me to be true. This verification is signed by me at.................... on ..............day of....................20....................

Official gazette PDF

Open in new tab